A mortgage that had become delinquent because the borrower had fallen behind on payments by at least ninety days and then returned to "performing" status again because the borrower had resumed making payments is an example of a reperforming loan, also known as an RPL.

What Is a Reperforming Loan (RPL)

• A reperforming loan, also known as an RPL, is a loan that was in default at one point in time but has since been brought current again.

• A repossessed property loan (RPL) was formerly classified as a nonperforming loan (NPL), but it is no longer in default because the borrower has started making payments again.

• Mortgages are regarded as non-performing when they are more than ninety days behind on their payments.

• In the real estate financing industry, real property leases (RPLs) are frequently bundled together with mortgage-backed securities before being offered for sale to investors.

Understanding Reperforming Loans (RPLs)

Even if a borrower has resumed making payments on their loan, it does not necessarily mean that they have caught up on any payments that they have missed. The borrower of a loan that is reperforming has frequently declared bankruptcy and is continuing to make payments as a result of an agreement reached within the bankruptcy proceeding. Borrowers may, depending on the circumstances, be able to catch up on past-due mortgage payments by participating in a government-sponsored programme that modifies existing loans.

Alternately, in order to avert the possibility of a foreclosure, a lender might consent to a modification of the loan. Borrowers who have loans that have been deemed to be reperforming will have fewer options available to them when it comes to refinancing because of their previous missed payments.

Because of their prior missed payments, borrowers with reperforming loans will have fewer options available to them when it comes to refinancing their debt.

Mortgage Investors Views on Reperforming Loans

Reperforming loans, which are similar to subprime loans in their riskiness, are regarded as risky by investors in mortgages. They are a type of loan that is commonly referred to as a "scratch-and-dent" loan. When determining the level of investment risk associated with reperforming loans, rating agencies consider both the repayment patterns of the borrower as well as the lender's capacity to manage the loan.

In contrast to this, a nonperforming loan is a loan for which the borrower has not made any payments for more than ninety days and has not resumed repayment of the loan. Such a loan is considered to be in default. RPLs have a significantly better chance of being paid back than NPLs do.

Packaging and Selling the Reperforming Loans

Since the beginning of the housing crisis, the government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) known as Fannie Mae (officially known as the Federal National Mortgage Association, or FNMA), which works to make mortgages and rental housing more affordable for millions of people in the United States, has been responsible for carrying delinquent mortgages worth billions of dollars. Many of these loans are now performing again as a result of the improvement in the economy; this indicates that the payments on the mortgages have become current, with or without the assistance of modification of the loan terms.

In order to clear these mortgages from Fannie Mae's books, the company bundles up loans that are performing poorly and sells them to investors, typically through a money centre bank.

Reperforming Loans - Example

With the assistance of Citigroup as the marketer, Fannie Mae successfully completed its twenty-fourth sale of a package of reperforming loans in the month of February 2022. This particular sale included approximately 7,970 mortgages with a combined unpaid principal balance of $1.3 billion. Pacific Investment Management Company LLC (PIMCO) and MCLP Asset Company, Inc. (Goldman Sachs) were selected as the successful bidders for Pools 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Each pool was awarded to a different winning bidder.

Because buyers are required to provide loss mitigation options that are feasible to a borrower whom may re-default within five years just after closing of the reperforming loan sale, the terms of the reperforming loan sale have been designed to help protect home-owning borrowers. This protection comes in the form of a requirement that buyers offer these options. Buyers are obligated to report on the outcomes of any loss mitigation measures taken.

What is When a Mortgage is Reperforming?

Reperforming loans are loans that had been or are currently delinquent but have since begun to see repayment (they "reperformed") for a period of time. These loans have "reperformed" for a period of time.

What will Happen to the Reperforming Loans That Are Sold to Investors?

At the time of the sale, all purchasers of reperforming loans from Fannie Mae auctions have been required to honour any approved or in-process loss mitigation efforts, such as forbearance arrangements and loan modifications. This obligation applies to all loans purchased from Fannie Mae. In addition, prior to initiating foreclosure on any loan, purchasers are required to provide delinquent borrowers with a waterfall of loss mitigation options, which may include principal forgiveness. These options may include modifying the terms of the loan itself.

Debtor on Delinquent Payment NPL or RPL?

Even if the debtor hasn't made up for all of the payments they missed, if they start making payments again on a non-performing loan, the loan is considered to be reperforming and given the RPL designation.